Coolant jacket arrangement for internal combustion engines



July 21, 1959 f H. M. JACKUN Y i 2,895,458

. COOLANT JACKET ARRANGEMENT FOR 3 INTERNAL COMBUSTION` ENGINES YOriginal Filed Oct. 6, 1950` #frog/YE Y@ SellSeS.

- v fr 2,895,458 P Patented July 21, 1959 of exhaust ports 54 the axesof which desirably are in- 2,895,458 clined outwardly of the cylinder inboth radial and axial l cooLANT JACKET ARRANGEMENT FOR INTERNALcoMnUsrroN ENGiNns Harold Jacklinlndianapolis, Ind. Original applicationOctober `6, 1950, Serial No. 188,810, now Patent No. 2,805,654, datedSeptember10, 1957. i Divided and this application September 9, 1957,Serial JN 687,847 c" j' A y H j 4 Claims.,` (ci. 12s-41.72)

This invention relates to internal combustion engines Zand moreparticularly to means for improving the cooling of iliquid-jacketedengine cylinders and heads, especially at points where a head joins acylinder.

I .In carrying out the invention, I provide the cylinder and the headwith cooling passages interconnectedwith each other. To provide suchinterconnection, an annular or circumrerentially extending groove is.provided` in one ofthe main faces of the head and cylinder, andan`annular or circumferentially extending series of ports are provided inthe head and ,cylinder to afford communication between suchgroove `andthe `two coolant passages. The ports in Ythe head are displacedcircumferentially relative `tn the ports in Ithe cylinder,so that theliquid coolant cannotflow directly'from the cylinder` jacket to the headjacket but must, 4over, atleast a portion of its path, flowcircumferentially with, respect tothe cylinder. By this arrangement,turbulence is created inthe iiow of the cool- ,ant and moreetfectivetransmission of heat to the cool `ant, from the cylinder` andthe head is aiforded. l. In the accompanying drawings; l V v 1Fig- .l`,is` a section through an engine onl I.the axis of one cylinder; I, y ei i l ;Fig. Zlis a section-on the line 2,-2 oflig.` 1; and ,FigA 3` isAa fragmentalview similar to Fig. l but on an enlarged Scale,illustrating: details 0f lh@ CQmblStiOn chamber.

The engine shownby way of example `in Fig. l is ofthe opposed pistontype andyin its entirety, is more fully set forth and described in myprirUnited States Patent No. 332,805,554; `issued September.. 10, 1957."ffSuch engine comprises a lower block 30 having one or more inletcylinders 31, an upper block 32 having a corresponding number of exhaustcylinders 33, and a head 34 which is interposed between the two blocksand which is provided with a combustion chamber 35 in line with eachpair of inlet and exhaust cylinders. Any appropriate form of means, suchas the through-bolts 36, may be used to hold the two blocks and the headin assembled relationship. Each inlet cylinder 31 contains an inletpiston 37 connected by a connecting rod 38 to a crank 39 of a lowercrank shaft 40. In a position to be uncovered by the head of the piston37 as it nears the outer end of its stroke, the cylinder 31 is providedwith inlet ports 42 which comrnfunrcate with an air box 43 and which maybe directed tangentially so that the gases entering the cylinder throughthem will create a circular motion within the cylinder.

Each exhaust cylinder 33 is aligned with and conveniently of the samediameter as an inlet cylinder 31 and contains a reciprocable piston 50connected through a connecting rod 51 with a crank pin 52 of an uppercrank shaft 53, which is operatively connected to the lower crank shaftas through gearing 56. The stroke of the upper piston 50 is considerablyless than that of the lower piston, preferably being about one-third toone-half of the stroke of the lower piston. In a position to beuncovered by the piston 50 as it near-s the outer end of its stroke, thecylinder 33 is provided with an annular series .products of combustionahead lheld in place against both axial and rotational movement byradially extending `pins 62 which are removably mounted in the head 34and project into openings in the liner 61. l

In the particular engine illustrated in the drawing, which is of thefuel-injection type, the head 34 is provided at each combustion chamberwith -a fuel-injector 70 adapted to discharge into the associatedcombustion chamber 35 through an appropriately positioned opening 71 inthe liner 61. Desirably, the injector 70 is so oriented that itdischarges chordally into the combustion chamber toward an ignitiondevice 72 which is mounted in the block 30 and exposed through anopening 73 in the liner 61. l

Fig. 1 illustrates the positions of the pistons 37 and 50 near the innerends of their strokes a short interval after the occurrence of theexplosion. As the pistons are driven outwardly under the influence ofthe expanding gases, the two crank shafts 40 and 53 rotate in theclockwise direction, as indicated bythe arrows in Fig.` 1,` expansion ofthe gases continuing until the exhaust piston 50 uncovers the exhaustports 54. Shortly after the exhaust ports are uncovered, the inletpiston 37` uncovers the inlet ports 42 to admit the new charge.` Suchcharge flows generally upwardly in the cylinders and, forcing the of it,produces the necessary scavenging` action. As rotation of the crankshafts continues, the exhaust ports close in the inward movement `of theexhaust piston 50 and, shortly thereaftenthe inlet ports 42 are closedby inward movement ofthe inlet provided with innercommunicating waterjackets through which the water or `other 'coolant successivelycirculates. As shown in the drawing, the water jacket for the lowercylinder is in two sections and 81 lying respectively below and abovethe inlet ports 42, the two sections being interconnected as by aconduit 83 bridging the ports. The upper cylinder has an axiallycontinuous coolant-receiving space 84 across which exhaust passages 54'extend to connect with exhaust conduits 85. The head 34 (Figs. l and 3)has an annular coolant chamber 86 communicating `with ports 87 whichopen into the upper and lower faces of the head in position tocommunicate with annular grooves 88 and 89 provided respectively in thelower face of the upper cylinder block 32 and in the upper face of thelower cylinder block 30. Ports 90 in the upper cylinder block providecommunication between the coolant receiving space 84 and groove 88,while ports 91 provide communication between the upper jacket section 81of the lower cylinder and the annular groove '89. tIn accordance withthe present invention, the ports 87 are angularly displaced from theports 90 and 91 so that the coolant leaving each port 91 in the lowercylinder! block ywill be compelled to dow circumferentially for adistance along the groove 89 before entering a lower port 87 of thehead. Similarly, coolant leaving each upper port 87 ofthe head must flowcircumterentially for a distance along the groove 88 before entering aport 90 and passing upwardly through the jacket of the upper cylinder.Theports 90 and 91, which aredesirably drilled, are equally spaced aboutthe cylinder-axis; and the circumferential iiow of liquid in contactwith the end faces ofzthecylindenbarrels aids very materially in coolingthe inner lends Yof :the cylinder :barrels to promote .improvedlubrication and reduce wear thereat and maintains the head .at :a lowertemperature .than would otherwise be possible., t

, ,Reference/has heretofore been made to the combustion-.chamberliner.61 and to its normal loose t within the-:head ,34. Whenxtheengineis i'irst started, the loose ,tof thellinerlwithin the head 34 retardsthe transfer of:the:heat'fromtheliner to the head, with the result thatfthe'linertwarms up quickly. As liner-temperature fincreases, the )linerexpands, Ythe lit :between it and the head 34/becomes1tighter,'andheattransfer from the liner to :the head becomes more rapid. Thus, understarting conditions when the engine is cool, the temperature of the`liner .increases quickly :and promotes satisfactory combustion. At thesame time, the liner is prevented from Ibecomingoverheatedas theenginecontinues inoperation, Ybecause :any ,tendency to overheat `increases.the tightness of its dit :withinthe :head 34tand thereby increases therate of'heatrtransfer tothe cooled head. Y

Itwill he'understoodithat the `particular opposed-piston :engine shownand described is set forth `merely by way of example and that theinvention .to which this application relates is concerned with thearrangement of cool- Lant passages .atieach ofthe joints between ithehead 34 andthe cylinders.v The -use of such a passage arrangeimentislnotlimited tocpposed-piston engines. Whether ,the coolant flows from thecylinder into the head or from.fthe head finto :the cylinder, itundergoes two abrupt Ichangesfin direction, once 'upon entering thecircumferenitially extending .groove (88 or 89) and once uponleavingsuch groove. If, as shown, the groove extends for the fullcircumference of the cylinder, the entire periphery ofrthe ijointbetween the cylinder .and head .will be ex- :posed to circumferentiallyflowing coolant. The turbu- -lence createdas a result of the abruptchangerin direction ofLthecoolant-ow aids :inzthe transfer of heat fromthe cylinderhead toithecoolant.` s

1 lThis :application isla division ,of my priorwapplication e Serial:No. 188,810, filedOctober 6, 1950, which resulted .in ir'ny aforesaid:Patent No. ,2,805 ,654.

;I.claim.as my invention: ;.1. :In aninternalicombustion engine, acylinder block .and-a,headhavinginterengaging end faces, a cylinderin 4said block, a .combustion .chamber ,in -said ihead,coo1ant jackets insaid head and block respectively, said jackets having ports which openin said end faces, the head-jacket ports being displacedcircumferentially from the blockjacket ports and at least one of ,saidend faces being provided with a circumferentially"extending grooveinterconnecting each'headfjacket port with :an adjacent iblockjacketport. l,

2. An engineas set forth in claim 1 with the addition thatinterconnection between the head-jacket and blockjacket ports isprovided by ra circumferentially ,continu- .oustannularfgroove l 3.yInan internal combustioncngine `of the opposedpiston type, yalignedcylinders provided in separate blocks,

a head located between said blocks ,and having a central opening whichprovides communication between such cyl-r inders and constitutes acombustion chamber, pistons reciprocable `in )said Vvcylindersrespectively, means :'for yreciprocating :said pistons roppositely intimed srelation,

said ihead and'blooks having engaging endfaees, reach :of said blockshaving a Acoolant jacket communicating `with ports in theend` face ofthe block, said headlhavinga coolant jacket communicating with Aports inkthe end faces of the head, the head-jacket ports being displacedcircumferentially vfrom -the vblocJk-jacket ports, and-lat leastioneofvsaid end f aces being provided witha circumferentially extendinggroove interconnecting each head-jacket fpor't ywith `anadjacentblock-jacket port. 'i

44. In an internal `ycombustionengmeof the opposed- -piston type,aligned cylinders provided in separate blocks, ahead located `betweensaid blocks and having a central opening which provides communicationbetween -suchcylinders `and-constitutes `a combustion chamber, pistonsreciprocable `in said cylinders respectively,-means -forvreciprocatingsaid pistons oppositely in timed relation, said 'head and blocks havingengaging end faces, eachA of said blocks having acoolantjacketcommunicatingwith in the end face of the block, said -head havingacoolant jacket communicatingwith portsin the end yfaces-t'jffthe head,the head-jacket ports being displaced circumferentiallyfrorn` the`blockljacket ports, andatleast one of said Aend faces being provided`with an annular groove finterconnecting said headejacket andblock-jacket ports.

A References lCited in the'le of "this patent FOREIGN PATENTS italy Mar.si, `1931s

